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Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research.As stated in Chapter 1, caffeine is the most widely used central nervous system (CNS) stimulant in the world. It has numerous pharmacological and physiological effects, including cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and smooth muscle effects, as well as effects on mood, memory, alertness, and physical and cognitive performance. This chapter provides a brief summary of the metabolism and physiological effects of caffeine
FIGURE 2–1
Chemical structure of methylxanthines.
The fatal acute oral dose of caffeine in humans is estimated to be 10–14 g (150–200 mg/kg body weight [BW]) (Hodgman, 1998). Ingestion of caffeine in doses up to 10 g has caused convulsions and vomiting with complete recovery in 6 hours (Dreisbach, 1974). Extreme side effects were observed in humans at caffeine intakes of 1 g (15 mg/kg) (Gilman et al., 1990), including restlessness, nervousness, and irritability, and progressing to delirium, emesis, neuromuscular tremors, and convulsions. Other symptoms included tachycardia and increased respiration.
What does caffeine do to your body?
Caffeine is a stimulant and the most commonly used drug in the world. Benefits can include increased alertness, energy, and concentration. However, it can also lead to insomnia and headaches.
Every day, millions consume caffeine to increase wakefulness, alleviate fatigue, and improve concentration and focus. Amid myths and controversy about whether caffeine is good or bad for us, evidence suggests that moderate coffee consumption can bring both benefits and risks.
However, a high consumption of caffeine may not be healthful. In addition, the recent trend of adding caffeine to drinks and snacks that do not naturally contain it has raised new concerns.
This article will look at the potential health benefits and risks of caffeine, the questions of energy drinks, and the likelihood of a caffeine overdose occurring.
How is natural caffeine different from synthetic caffeine?
Unlike natural caffeine, which comes from foods found in nature, synthetic caffeine is produced in a lab. It’s commonly added to packaged foods and beverages such as soda, juice, chewing gum, candy, and energy drinks.
Synthetic caffeine is also often added to non-food products such as pain relievers, makeup, face creams, and other cosmetics ( 2 , 3 ).
The Food and Drug Administration requires that caffeine be listed on food labels when it has been added during production. This is not required of foods that naturally contain caffeine, such as coffee or tea ( 5 ).
So if you see caffeine on a food or beverage’s label, that product most likely contains synthetic caffeine.
The chemical structure of synthetic caffeine is almost indistinguishable from that of natural caffeine.
Despite this, many claim that synthetic caffeine is absorbed much more quickly than natural caffeine, causing a peak in energy followed by a steep crash. However, there is very little scientific backing to this claim.