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The PAT Appliance Classes – Defined
Class 1
These electrical appliances only have simple insulation and instead, rely on earth for protection. Such devices are the most common.
Class 2
These electronic devices are outfitted with supplementary insulation and therefore have no reliance on earth for protection. Such devices will be identifiable with a double insulated marking (a square within a square): usually found on the manufacturer’s plate.
Class 3
Low voltage electricals: they are the safest of the classes. They do not require a PAT test, however, the charging lead and cables may do. Class 3 devices will often carry a symbol that contains three vertical stripes within a diamond.
How is PAT testing carried out?
Next, the electrical tests are conducted using specialized testing equipment. This involves measuring the appliance's electrical current and insulation resistance to ensure it's functioning correctly and doesn't pose a risk of electric shock or fire. If any faults or defects are found during the Portable appliance testing, the appliance may need to be repaired or replaced before it can be used again.
Importance of visual inspection:
Visual inspection is a critical part of the PAT testing process as it helps identify any visible signs of damage or wear and tear that could lead to electrical hazards. During the visual inspection, the tester will look for any cracks, breaks, or damage to the appliance and any loose or damaged wiring or plugs.
They'll also check that the plug in the appliance is being used correctly, with the appropriate cables and plugs. By performing a thorough visual inspection, potential hazards can be identified and addressed before they cause accidents.
Understanding electrical testing:
Electrical equipment testing is a crucial part of a PAT test, as it helps ensure that the appliance functions correctly and doesn't pose a risk of electric shock or fire. There are various types of electrical tests that can be carried out, including earth continuity testing, insulation resistance testing, and polarity testing.
Each test measures different aspects of the appliance's electrical function, and the results are used to determine whether the appliance is safe to use or requires repair or replacement.
Types of testing equipment used for portable appliance tests:
PAT testing requires specialized equipment to measure electrical current, insulation resistance, and other parameters. Various types of testing equipment are used for PAT testing, including a portable appliance tester, which can perform multiple tests on an appliance in one go, and a test meter, which can measure the electrical parameters of an appliance.
What needs to be PAT tested?
PAT testing should be carried out on any electrical appliance that can cause harm, either by electrical shock or fire. This includes portable appliances, such as kettles, toasters, hairdryers, and larger appliances, like fridges, ovens, and washing machines.
Other portable electrical appliances requiring testing include power tools, extension leads, and computer equipment.
It's important to note that not all appliances need to be tested at the same frequency. The testing interval will depend on various factors, such as the type of appliance, its usage, and the environment it's used in.
Physics Aptitude Test (PAT)
Everyone who applies to study physics or physics and philosophy at Oxford, without exception, must take the Physics Aptitude Test (PAT), a two-hour test that evaluates a student’s ability in both physics and maths.
The date of the next PAT will be 28 October 2024. Registration information for the PAT can be found here.
From 2024, the PAT will be online and delivered via Pearson VUE’s established network of test centres. It remains the case that in 2024 there will be no charge for candidates to register for Oxford's own admissions tests.
What is a PAT Test?
Defined as Portable Appliance Testing (PAT), it is a routine inspection or examination of various types of electrical equipment and appliances to determine if they are safe to use: this is to prevent accidents or harm to humans, animals and property in the workplace.
Though many defects of electrical equipment can be visually determined, PAT testing also involves a cable inspection using specialist PAT testing tools. The full PAT test is simple to break down:
- Visual inspection of the electrical appliance
- Cable inspection – using PAT testing equipment
The cable inspection portion of a PAT test will include checks and confirmations of the earthing continuity, lead polarity and the integrity of the insulation resistance.
The definition of PAT can be somewhat misleading, however, particularly the word “portable”: appliances that fall under PAT can be any appliance that has a plug attached to connect it to a wall outlet.
There are three distinct classes of electrical appliances: Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3. Class 1 devices are the most dangerous and require a full PAT test.
