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What does a pat test consist of?
A regular PAT testing includes a visual inspection and electrical testing of an electrical device, which will comprise the following:
- Checking for power cords or cables that are not correctly connected to their plugs
- Powering down and unplugging devices before testing them
- Testing all removable parts such as batteries or memory modules ensures they work and have no issues that could cause fire hazards. If there’s any damage to these areas, then you should consider replacing the whole unit rather than just repairing it because breakages can happen in the future, and you’ll have to start again.
- Check for any defects or signs of wear that may be dangerous – such as frayed wires
- It is not just the device you need to check but the surrounding area as well – so if a cord is hanging over or near something flammable, then that could also be an issue.
What needs to be PAT tested?
PAT testing should be carried out on any electrical appliance that can cause harm, either by electrical shock or fire. This includes portable appliances, such as kettles, toasters, hairdryers, and larger appliances, like fridges, ovens, and washing machines.
Other portable electrical appliances requiring testing include power tools, extension leads, and computer equipment.
It's important to note that not all appliances need to be tested at the same frequency. The testing interval will depend on various factors, such as the type of appliance, its usage, and the environment it's used in.
How Does PAT Testing Work?
The earth continuity test allows for verification of the connectivity between any exposed metal parts and the protective earth pin in the mains plug of a class 1 appliance. This involves connecting the item of electrical equipment to the PAT tester, and the test probe to exposed metal parts. A current is then transferred from the PAT tester along a mains cord to the enclosure. This current then flows back to the PAT tester via the protective earth conductor. This will result in the display of the protective earth path resistance.
The measurement of a predictive conductor current will require the connection of the appliance to the PAT tester. The powering of the appliance will result in a current flowing along the mains supply via live and neutral conductors. The live and neutral currents will ideally be neutral. However, the PAT may highlight an imbalance between the live and neutral currents in some instances.
How Regular should you carry out portable appliance testing?
Your PAT tests should be no more than four years apart, but this truly depends on three main elements that you need to consider, what class of electrical appliance, category and the risk level of the electrical equipment.
Also, it is worth noting that the health and safety executive considers the age of the equipment, manufacturers recommendations, how much it is used if the equipment is commonly abused. Some items will need a formal visual inspection every three months with a portable appliance testing every six months. That is why it is not a straight answer, to how often because of this it is worth speaking to a professional to ask if any equipment needs an inspection and testing.
More Resources From HSE:
What are the Different Types of PAT Testers?
PAT testing equipment has various levels of functionality. Basic PASS/FAIL kits are very easy to use and relatively inexpensive. They are the preferred choice for a range of businesses, clearly indicating whether an item of electrical equipment has passed or failed. Mains-powered testers require connection to an electrical supply. However, the self-contained battery versions are ideal for large workplaces due to their portability and ease of use. They commonly feature basic light systems that indicate whether electrical items have passed or failed the test.
Basic PAT testing equipment also allows for the establishment of:
- Earth continuity
- Insulation resistance
- Polarity
Basic PAT testers don't display the complete set of electrical test results, and neither do they allow for test configuration or data storage. However, they are often the best choice for obtaining electrical test results quickly and easily.
Advanced PAT testing kits offer the following types of functionality:
- Portable RCD lead testing
- Adjustable PASS test limits
- Substitute and mains powered leakage testing
- Fuse testing
- Lead polarity testing
While a 500V insulation test voltage is typical and suitable for a number of appliances, many PAT testers now include the option of a 250V insulation resistance test. This is essential for testing sensitive and surge-protected equipment, such as IT hardware.
Advanced PAT testing kits are suitable for users with a high level of technical knowledge and expertise. These advanced systems are particularly well suited to facilities management, as they allow for the recording of the location and test status of equipment and appliances. Some of these systems can also transfer the test results to computers for digital interpretation. Test records can be maintained with PAT software.
