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Egzema na szyi - Przyczyny, Objawy i Skuteczne Metody Leczenia
Co to jest egzema i jakie są jej przyczyny?
Egzema nazywana również wypryskiem to jedna z najczęściej występujących chorób alergicznych o nieinfekcyjnym podłożu zapalnym, co oznacza, że nie jest zaraźliwa. Pod jej nazwą kryją się różne typy zmian skórnych, których wspólnym objawem jest wspomniany wcześniej stan zapalny skóry (naskórka oraz warstwy brodawkowatej skóry właściwej), a także towarzyszący temu wyprysk. Egzema bardzo często występuje u małych dzieci – cierpi na nią około 5-20% dzieci i 1-2 % dorosłych. Obecnie uważa się, że za powstanie choroby odpowiada wrodzone uszkodzenie skóry polegające na zaburzeniu działania filagryny – białka odpowiadającego za prawidłowe ukształtowanie komórek budulcowych skóry. W wyniku nieodpowiedniego nawodnienia oraz rozluźnienia jej połączeń skóra nie stanowi tak dobrej bariery dla wszelkich drobnoustrojów i alergenów. Za inne przyczyny choroby uznawane są także:
- obniżenie odporności,
- skłonności alergiczne,
- niewłaściwa dieta,
- przewlekły stres.
Eczema Complications
Eczema can lead to skin infections from scratching or cracking. That can break down your skin’s barrier against bacteria and other germs. Complications with eczema can include some or all of the following:
Eczema can lead to many complications, but there are ways to manage your daily life and routine if you have the condition. These tips may help you avoid flare-ups and reduce costs.
Eczema diet
Since eczema is linked to allergens in food, there's no one specific diet you should stick to if you have eczema. But it's good to focus on anti-inflammatory foods that are less likely to lead to an allergic reaction. Foods that can often be inflammatory include:
- Red meat
- Processed meats (lunch meats, hot dogs, bacon)
- Fried foods
- Foods and drinks with added sugar
- Trans fats
- Refined carbs (white bread, pastries)
- Snack foods, such as cookies, chips, and crackers
It's also important to keep in mind that allergies are highly individual. I t may take time to learn your specific allergy triggers . Some foods, such as dairy, can cause inflammation even if you're not allergic, and you can eat them without troublesome symptoms. In time, you can find the right diet for you, whether it's paleo, Mediterranean, gluten-free, or something else.
It's also important to drink plenty of water. Water helps keep your skin from drying out, which can cause flare-ups.
Eczema and exercise
Some studies show that weight loss may contribute to reduced eczema symptoms. Since sweat from physical activity and exercise can cause flare-ups, try doing low-impact workouts and strength training. In addition to moisturizing before and after exercises, be sure to:
- Stay hydrated.
- Avoid hot weather.
- Wear cotton workout gear rather than synthetic fabrics, and choose loose clothing instead of tight ones.
- Take lukewarm or cool showers after workouts.
Eczema Diagnosis
No one test can spot eczema. Your doctor will probably diagnose it by looking at your skin and asking a few questions.
Because many people with eczema also have allergies, your doctor may order some allergy tests to look for irritants or triggers. Children with eczema are especially likely to have allergy tests.
If your doctor diagnoses you with eczema, you might want to ask them:
- What’s the best way to add moisture to my skin? Can I use over-the-counter products, or do you need to prescribe something?
- Do I need to buy special soaps, lotions, and laundry detergent? Do fragrance-free or sensitive-skin products help?
- Are there foods that I should avoid to keep flares at bay?
- Are there fabrics that I shouldn't wear? What fabrics should I wear?
- Do pets make symptoms worse?
- If sweating makes things worse, can I still exercise?
- What’s next if my symptoms don’t improve or I get an infection from scratching my skin?
- Does stress lead to flare-ups?
- Are long periods without symptoms common?
- Are there ways I can treat my skin to reduce my chances of another flare-up?
Psoriasis vs. eczema
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease. This means that the person’s immune system doesn’t work right, and their skin cells grow too fast. Those cells show up on top of the skin as a white, scaly patch. Risk factors can include a person’s genes (family background) or exposure to something in the environment — or both.
Itchiness. Psoriasis causes milder itching and, sometimes, a burning sensation. Eczema itches so much that some individuals scratch until it bleeds.
Age. Both can occur at any age, but eczema affects children more often.
Sun exposure. Sunshine is a treatment for psoriasis because it slows down abnormal cell growth. (Too much sun can trigger symptoms, so your dermatologist will recommend the ideal duration for sun exposure to prevent flare-ups.) People with eczema tend to be more sensitive to heat because sweating can lead to flare-ups.