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"Mincer Pharma Antyalergiczny Kojący Krem CC do Twarzy Nr 1107 - Recenzja Produktu"
Pielęgnacja twarzy przed nałożeniem kremu
W pierwszym kroku polega na wykonaniu demakijażu, używając takich kosmetyków, jak płyny micelarne lub oleje i olejki do demakijażu. Można w tym celu wykorzystać także galaretki oraz mleczka do demakijażu. Kolejny etap polega na oczyszczeniu skóry kosmetykami takimi, jak pianki, żele do twarzy, czy emulsje, które należy spłukać wodą. Takie zabiegi oczyszczające trzeba wykonywać codziennie.
Dodatkowo dwa razy w tygodniu warto sięgnąć po peelingi do twarzy i wykonać złuszczanie martwego naskórka, co pozwala aplikowanym kremom na wniknięcie w głębsze warstwy skóry i jej lepsze odżywienie. Działanie kremu można też spotęgować, regularnie stosując serum do twarzy i maseczki w płachcie lub w kremie, które dzięki skoncentrowanemu działaniu składników odżywczych intensywnie pielęgnują skórę.
Epidemiology
After age six, Hashimoto is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States and in those areas of the world where iodine intake is adequate. The incidence is estimated to be 0.8 per 1000 per year in men and 3.5 per 1000 per year in women. Twin studies have shown an increased concordance of autoimmune thyroiditis in monozygotic twins as compared with dizygotic twins. Danish studies have demonstrated concordance rates of 55% in monozygotic twins, compared with only 3% in dizygotic twins.[7] This data suggests that 79% of predisposition is due to genetic factors, allotting 21% for environmental and sex hormone influences. The prevalence of thyroid disease, in general, increases with age.
The development of Hashimoto disease is thought to be of autoimmune origin, with lymphocyte infiltration and fibrosis as typical features. The current diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms correlating with laboratory results of elevated TSH with normal to low thyroxine levels. It is interesting to note, however, that there is little evidence demonstrating the role of antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Anti-TPO antibodies can fix complement and, in vitro, have been shown to bind and kill thyrocytes. However, to date, there has been no correlation noted in human studies between the severity of disease and the level of anti-TPO antibody concentration in serum. We do, however, know that positive serum anti-TPO antibody concentration is correlated with the active phase of the disease.[8] Other theories implicated immune complexes, containing thyroid directed antibodies, as culprits of thyroid destruction.
Treatment / Management
The mainstay of treatment for hypothyroidism is thyroid hormone replacement. The drug of choice is titrated levothyroxine sodium administered orally. It has a half-life of 7 days and can be given daily. It should not be given with iron or calcium supplements, aluminum hydroxide, and proton pump inhibitors to avoid suboptimal absorption. It is best taken early in the morning on an empty stomach for optimum absorption.
The standard dose is 1.6 - 1.8 mcg/kg per day, but it can vary from one patient to another. Patients less than 50 years old should be commenced on a standard full dose, however, lower doses should be used in patients with cardiovascular diseases and the elderly. In patients older than 50 years, the recommended starting dose is 25 mcg/day, with reevaluation in six to eight weeks. In contrast, in pregnancy, the dose of thyroxine needs to be increased by 30%, and in patients with short-bowel syndrome, increased doses of levothyroxine are needed to maintain a euthyroid state.
Evaluation
Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder of inadequate thyroid hormone production. The biochemical picture indicates raised thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in response to low free T4. A low total T4 or free T4 level in the presence of an elevated TSH level confirms the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism.
Integrative and functional medicine practitioners may also assess free T3 and reverse T3 levels, however, Western medicine does not use this approach.
The presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies suggests Hashimoto thyroiditis. However, 10% of patients may be antibody negative.
Anemia is present in 30 to 40%.
There can be decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow, and renal free water clearance with resultant hyponatremia.
Creatine kinase is frequently elevated.
Prolactin levels may be elevated.
Elevated total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels can occur.
A thyroid ultrasound assesses thyroid size, echotexture, and whether thyroid nodules are present, however, it is usually not necessary for diagnosing the condition in the majority.[9][10]
