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Minoksydyl 5 na brodę - Skuteczność, Bezpieczeństwo i Porady
Minoxidil for Hair Loss
Minoxidil is the active ingredient in products such as Regaine, that treat hair loss in men and women. It was first used in tablet form as a medicine to treat hypertension. Used in a lotion or foam, topical Minoxidil promotes hair growth in both men and women who have gradual hair loss (thinning hair) at the top of the head. It is not used to treat receding hairlines. It is a vasodilator, which means that it dilates blood vessels.
Minoxidil is not recommended for sudden, unexplained or patchy hair loss. It is also not suitable for women who have lost hair after having a baby.
- 1. How does Minoxidil treat hair loss?
- 2. How effective is Minoxidil?
- 3. Can men use Minoxidil?
- 4. Is Minoxidil available for women?
- 5. Does Minoxidil cause side effects?
- 6. How to use Minoxidil
- 7. Other treatments for hair loss
Last reviewed: 26 Mar 2020
How does Minoxidil treat hair loss?
It is not known exactly how Minoxidil works to stimulate hair growth, but it may be that the dilation of blood vessels in the scalp caused by application of the solution improves the function of hair follicles and promote the growth of new hair.
Minoxidil is usually used for at least four months before hair regrowth can be seen, so results aren’t immediate. This is because hair takes a while to grow back. Everyone has their own rate of hair growth and the treatment must be used consistently for the best chance of seeing results. The first hair regrowth will probably feel fine and soft, but should gain the same appearance and thickness of the rest of your hair as treatment continues
Adverse Effects
Although minoxidil is generally well tolerated, topical minoxidil is associated with the following adverse effects, as listed below.[10][20]
Skin irritation: This condition can lead to erythema, discomfort, and a burning sensation on the scalp.
Scaly changes of the scalp: This condition can entail irritation or a potential worsening of seborrheic dermatitis.
Isolated pruritus: appears in the area of application.Oral minoxidil is also associated with significant adverse effects, as listed below.
Rare but severe reactions include pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, exacerbating congestive heart failure, and worsening angina.
Oral minoxidil administration can lead to significant hypotension and potential complications such as thrombocytopenia and leukopenia in individuals taking the medication.[22]
Breast tenderness and gynecomastia have also been reported as adverse effects of the medication.[23] Hypertrichosis, edema, tachycardia, and weight gain are also caused by oral minoxidil.Drug-Drug Interactions
Systemic cyclosporine can exacerbate adverse effects such as hypertrichosis when combined with topical minoxidil. Notably, hypertrichosis symptoms significantly improved after discontinuing topical minoxidil for 2 months.[24]
Coadministration of low-dose aspirin and minoxidil may diminish the effectiveness of topical minoxidil. This decrease in effectiveness is attributed to the inhibitory effect of low-dose aspirin on sulfotransferase enzymes in human hair.[25]
Concurrent use of guanethidine with minoxidil can cause severe hypotension.[26]What Rogaine Products Are Available?
Currently, five different formulations of Rogaine are available OTC, including:
- Men’s Rogaine 5% Aerosol Foam
- Men’s Rogaine 2% Solution
- Men’s Rogaine Extra Strength 5% Solution
- Women’s Rogaine 5% Aerosol Foam
- Women’s Rogaine 2% Solution
All of these products are similar in that they contain minoxidil as their active ingredient and are designed to be applied directly to the affected area of hair loss.
The site of application varies slightly between the different forms. The FDA has approved each of the three Men’s Rogaine products for application to the vertex of the head. The vertex is the upper-most point in the center of the scalp and represents a common location for hair loss among men.
Men’s Rogaine was approved for hair loss based on its application only to the vertex of the head. The product isn’t FDA-approved for use on the face, hairline, or anywhere else to promote hair growth.
The two Women’s Rogaine products are FDA-approved for a broader application site. The instructions indicate that these medications can be applied anywhere on the scalp to promote hair growth.
Though FDA approval of Rogaine products only includes these specified areas for hair growth, some healthcare providers may recommend applying the medication to other areas as an off-label treatment. However, the evidence supporting non-scalp use is mixed.
Some studies and case reports suggest Rogaine’s potential benefit to hair growth of the eyebrows, beard, and facial hair. However, other studies have found little or no improvement. The medication's effectiveness is also unclear for certain kinds of alopecia, such as scarring alopecia.
Both the foam and solution work pretty much the same way, but you apply them slightly differently. With the solution, you apply the liquid to the balding area with a dropper. With the foam, you massage it into your scalp where you want it to work. This helps the medication reach the hair follicles to optimize effectiveness.
Mechanism of Action
Stimulation of the microcirculation around the hair follicles induces arteriolar vasodilation, thereby encouraging conditions conducive to hair growth.
Induction of the vascular endothelial growth factor expression leads to heightened vascularization around the hair follicles, thereby promoting hair growth.
Activation of the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-1 enzyme leads to the enhancement of hair growth.
Inhibition of androgen-related effects on androgen-sensitive hair follicles.Direct stimulation of the hair follicles as the drug acts as an epidermal growth factor on the matrix cells, slowing their aging process and extending their anagen phase. This process is achieved through the activation of the beta-catenin pathway.
Display of antifibrotic characteristics due to its impact on collagen synthesis.Hypertension
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Minoxidil is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract at a rate of 95%, and the drug achieves peak levels within the initial hour. Conversely, only 1.4% of topical minoxidil is absorbed through the skin.[7]
Distribution: Minoxidil shows no binding affinity to plasma proteins. This drug experiences broad distribution, with a distribution volume ranging from 2.8 to 3.3 L/kg.
Metabolism: Minoxidil undergoes metabolism through conjugation, sulfation, and hydroxylation processes. The resulting metabolites generally exhibit lower pharmacological activity than the parent drug. Notably, as previously mentioned, topical minoxidil is metabolized within the hair follicles by the sulfotransferase enzyme, leading to the formation of minoxidil sulfate.[11]
Elimination: Although the elimination half-life of minoxidil is around 3 to 4 hours, the hypotensive impact of the medication may persist for up to 72 hours. Notably, the excretion of minoxidil and its metabolites predominantly occurs through the kidneys.[12]
Czym jest minoxidil?
Minoxidil to lek dostępny w postaci roztworu, który należy aplikować na skórę głowy. Czasami znaleźć go można również w formie szamponu, pianki czy sprayu. Bardzo rzadko stosuje się minoksydyl w tabletkach ze względu na mogące się pojawić efekty uboczne. Wykorzystuje się go w sytuacji, gdy Pacjent boryka się z nadmierną utratą włosów, ich osłabieniem, ścieńczeniem, a także po zabiegach rekonstrukcji włosów po to, by przyspieszyć ich odrastanie. Stosuje się go zarówno u mężczyzn, jak i u kobiet.
Minoxidil aplikuje się bezpośrednio na skórę, najczęściej na głowie. Nie zaleca się wprowadzania go w terapię u osób z rozpoznanym łysieniem bliznowaciejącym albo plackowatym. Nie powinno się nakładać go na zmienioną chorobowo skórę lub jeżeli utrata włosów postępuje w związku z wypadaniem sezonowym, ciążą czy chorobami tarczycy. W związku z tym często nie znajduje też zastosowania w przypadku łysienia łojotokowego, w przebiegu którego mamy do czynienia z żółtą łuską na skórze głowy, wysiękami, zaczerwienieniem oraz podrażnieniem. Minoxidil nie znajduje również zastosowania w nagłej utracie włosów bez poznanej przyczyny – w takich sytuacjach należy jej poszukać i wyeliminować.
Pomimo tego, że minoxidil w niższych stężeniach dostępny jest bez recepty, nie należy nakładać go na skórę bez wcześniej konsultacji ze specjalistą. Środek należy stosować wyłącznie na jasne polecenie lekarza oraz po pozytywnym zakwalifikowaniu skóry głowy do terapii tą substancją. Minoxidil sprzedawany jest w formie roztworu 2% oraz 5%.
