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Korzyści Mikrodermabrazji Twarzy z Witaminą C
Review Questions
Khalife R, Grieco A, Khamisa K, Tinmouh A, McCudden C, Saidenberg E. Scurvy, an old story in a new time: The hematologist's experience. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2019 May, 76 :40-44. [PubMed : 30704850 ]
Blaszczak W, Barczak W, Masternak J, Kopczyński P, Zhitkovich A, Rubiś B. Vitamin C as a Modulator of the Response to Cancer Therapy. Molecules. 2019 Jan 28, 24 (3) [PMC free article : PMC6384696 ] [PubMed : 30695991 ]
Ashor AW, Brown R, Keenan PD, Willis ND, Siervo M, Mathers JC. Limited evidence for a beneficial effect of vitamin C supplementation on biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Nutr Res. 2019 Jan, 61 :1-12. [PubMed : 30683434 ]
de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA, da Rocha Sousa L, Alencar MVOB, de Oliveira Santos JV, da Mata AMO, Paz MFCJ, de Carvalho RM, Nunes NMF, Islam MT, Mendes AN, Gonçalves JCR, da Silva FCC, Ferreira PMP, de Castro E Sousaa JM. Retinol palmitate and ascorbic acid: Role in oncological prevention and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jan, 109 :1394-1405. [PubMed : 30551390 ]
Zhan X, Zhu Z, Sun DW. Effects of pretreatments on quality attributes of long-term deep frozen storage of vegetables: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019, 59 (5):743-757. [PubMed : 30595028 ]
González-Fuentes J, Selva J, Moya C, Castro-Vázquez L, Lozano MV, Marcos P, Plaza-Oliver M, Rodríguez-Robledo V, Santander-Ortega MJ, Villaseca-González N, Arroyo-Jimenez MM. Neuroprotective Natural Molecules, From Food to Brain. Front Neurosci. 2018, 12 :721. [PMC free article : PMC6206709 ] [PubMed : 30405328 ]
Disclosure: Muhammad Abdullah declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.
Disclosure: Radia Jamil declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.
Disclosure: Fibi Attia declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.
How much vitamin C you need each day
When it comes to vitamin C, a little bit goes a long way — which is to say, it’s not all that difficult to get your recommended daily amount. For example, one medium orange has about 80 milligrams of vitamin C, which accounts for much of your daily intake.
For adults ages 18 and over, here’s how the National Institutes of Health (NIH) breaks down its vitamin C recommendations:
- Men: 90 mg
- Women: 75 mg
- People who are pregnant: 85 mg
- People who are lactating: 120 mg
“Keep in mind that these recommendations are a minimum to prevent deficiency,” Peart says, “and some experts believe the recommendations should be higher.”
These recommendations also don’t take into account bodily differences like weight, height, sex assigned at birth, overall health, etc. Plus, if you smoke, you’ll need about 35 mg more per day because smoking is toxic to cells, causing your body to use up its vitamin C more quickly.
If you’re not sure how much vitamin C you should be getting, talk to a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
Signs of a vitamin C deficiency
Most people who live in North America get enough vitamin C in their daily diet. But malnourishment, alcohol use disorder, smoking and eating disorders can all lead to low levels of vitamin C.
“Not getting enough vitamin C is fairly uncommon,” Peart states, “but in some cases, people can become deficient in it.” That can lead to scurvy, a more serious form of deficiency that, though rare in North America, is most commonly seen in people who live in extreme poverty and/or those who are under-housed.
Risks of too much vitamin C
But too much of a good thing is, well, too much. The upper limit of vitamin C supplements is 2,000 mg per day, at doses higher than that, you may experience side effects like:
- Bloating.
- Diarrhea.
- Headaches.
- Flushed skin.
- Cramps and/or an upset stomach.
Indications
Vitamin C deficiency usually arises in the setting of decreased intake or increased requirements or losses. Persons at risk for inadequate intake of the vitamin include patients in the following groups:
Those with alcohol use disorder, anorexia, or cancerThose on restricted diets secondary to inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal reflux, or Whipple disease
Taking medications such as aspirin, indomethacin, oral contraceptives, tetracyclines, and corticosteroids.
Those who have renal failure due to filtration of water-soluble vitamin C during dialysis Those with a complication of interleukin-2 treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinomaIndications
Vitamin C is indicated to prevent and treat scurvy. Scurvy develops 1 to 3 months after initiating a vitamin C deficient diet. Individuals may complain of lethargy, fatigue, malaise, emotional lability, arthralgias, weight loss, anorexia, and diarrhea. They also may experience easy bleeding, bruising, and poor wound healing. The cutaneous manifestations of scurvy include phrynoderma, corkscrew hairs, perifollicular hemorrhage and purpura, edema of the lower extremities, and splinter hemorrhages. Phrynoderma, or enlarged hyperkeratotic hair follicles, initially present on the posterolateral arms. This presentation subsequently generalizes to involve the buttocks, posterior thighs, calves, shins, and back. Corkscrew hairs represent fractured and coiled hairs due to impaired keratin cross-links by disulfide bonds. With time, significant vascular congestion occurs, particularly in the lower extremities, leading to perifollicular hemorrhage and edema. This purpura is occasionally palpable, mimicking a cutaneous vasculitis. Blood vessel wall fragility also results in splinter hemorrhages of the nail bed. Oral disease is prominent among those with pre-existing poor dentition. Individuals may develop hemorrhagic gingivitis, where the gingiva is initially red, swollen, and shiny and later becomes purple, necrotic, and prone to bleeding. Additionally, poorly formed soft teeth are prone to infection. Musculoskeletal disease frequently presents in children. Hemorrhage can be intramuscular, intra-articular, or subperiosteal, leading to pain and pseudoparalysis. Bowing of the long bones, depression of the sternum, and swelling of the costochondral junctions are present on physical examination. Radiographic findings include a transverse metaphyseal radiolucent band (scurvy line or Trummerfeld zone), widening at the zone of calcification (white line of Frankel), a ring of increased density around the epiphysis (Wimberger ring), and metaphyseal spurs with marginal fractures (Pelkan spurs). Reports exist of conjunctival, intraocular, intracerebral, and gastrointestinal bleeding.