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Wyprysk z hiperkeratozą - Objawy, Diagnoza i Leczenie
StatPearls [Internet].
Fabiola Farci , Gauri D. Mahabal .
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Last Update: September 4, 2023 .
Hyperkeratosis refers to the increased thickness of the stratum corneum, the outer layer of the skin. It is most frequently due to chronic physical or chemical damage such as friction or the use of aggressive soaps but can also derive from chronic inflammation or a side-effect of different drugs, including chemotherapy. This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of hyperkeratosis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition.
Summarize the major histologic forms of hyperkeratosis. Review the different pathologies that can manifest with hyperkeratosis.Explain the importance of collaboration and communication amongst the interprofessional team to ensure the appropriate diagnosis and treatment is selected for patients with hyperkeratosis.
Narzędzia i środki stosowane w podologii w procesie usuwania hyperkeratoz:
- frezarka
- dłuta i skalpele
- pilniki kątowe
- frezy diamentowe oraz pokrywane węglikiem spiekanym
- inne frezy ścierne (kapki)
- preparaty zmiękczające do zastosowań profesjonalnych (płyny, żele, pianki)
- preparaty pielęgnacyjne (gabinetowe i do pielęgnacji domowej)
- opatrunki
- ortozy i odciążenia gotowe oraz indywidualne
- systematyczne wizyty w gabinecie podologicznym
- dobór właściwego obuwia i/lub wkładek
- przestrzeganie zaleceń specjalisty
- właściwa pielęgnacja domowa – stosowanie zaleconych kosmetyków oraz unikanie samodzielnych „operacji”
- leczenie schorzeń współistniejących
Introduction
Hyperkeratosis refers to the increased thickness of the stratum corneum, the outer layer of the skin. Stratum corneum is composed of multiple layers of keratinocyte bodies that, during maturation, produced keratin and subsequently have lost their nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles. The result is a basketweave appearance of anucleate keratinocytes that protect the underlying cells during maturation.
Hyperkeratosis is subclassified as orthokeratotic or parakeratotic. Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis refers to the thickening of the keratin layer with preserved keratinocyte maturation, while parakeratotic hyperkeratosis shows retained nuclei as a sign of delayed maturation of keratinocytes. Hyperkeratosis can be associated with dyskeratosis. It represents a premature (keratinocytes that are located below the granular cell layer) or abnormal keratinization of individual keratinocytes.
Hyperkeratosis, associated with other abnormalities in the skin biopsy, can be a key to the final histological diagnosis. Epidermal hypertrophy is a benign alteration of the skin that presents with acanthosis (increased thickness of the keratinocyte layers) and hyperkeratosis.