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Rak podstawnokomórkowy - Prognozy i leczenie
Epidemiology
BCC is the most common skin cancer in humans, with increasing incidence rates worldwide. Men generally have higher rates of BCC than women. BCC is more frequent in geographic locations with greater UV exposure, such as those at higher or lower latitudes. The most common predictor of BCC development is a history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or BCC. Patients are at least ten times more likely to develop a second BCC if they have a BCC history compared to patients without a history of non-melanoma skin cancer.[5][6]
The mechanism of BCC formation via ultraviolet radiation is direct DNA damage, indirect DNA damage through reactive oxygen species, and immune suppression. Melanin absorbs UVA and indirectly damages DNA through free radicals. UVB directly damages DNA and RNA with a characteristic C/T or CC/TT transition. Ultraviolet exposure also causes dose-dependent suppression of the cutaneous immune system, impairing immune surveillance of skin cancer.
Literature suggests that the cells of origin from which BCC arises are immature, pluripotent cells associated with the hair follicle. Of note, the gene most often altered in BCCs is the PTCH1 gene. PTCH1 gene mutations occur in 70% of people with sporadic BCC. Ten percent to 20% of people with sporadic BCC have smoothened (SMO) mutations. Literature suggests that a sufficiently elevated expression level of Gli, by activating mutations of SMO or by homozygous inactivation of PTCH1 in a responding cell, is sufficient to drive the formation of BCC. The second most common mutation found in BCCs is in the P53 gene. Mutations in CDKN2A locus also have been detected in a smaller number of sporadic BCCs.
Is basal cell carcinoma serious?
For most people, basal cell carcinoma is not life-threatening. This skin cancer tends to grow slowly. It seldom spreads to another part of the body. Even so, treatment is important.
Over time, basal cell carcinoma can grow wide and deep. It can spread deeply into the skin, wrap around nerves and blood vessels, and invade muscles and bone. When the cancer grows deep, it can change the way you look. For some people, this can be disfiguring.
When found early, this skin cancer is highly treatable. An early basal cell carcinoma can often be removed during an appointment with your dermatologist.
One common sign is a slowly growing, non-healing spot that sometimes bleeds. Basal cell carcinoma can also appear on the skin in other ways.
You’ll find the signs and symptoms along with several pictures of this skin cancer at, Basal cell carcinoma: Signs and symptoms.
Image
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References
Cameron MC, Lee E, et al. “Basal cell carcinoma: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and histological subtypes, and disease associations.” J Am Acad Dermatol 2019,80:303-17.
Gloster HM, Neal K. “Skin cancer in skin of color.” J Am Acad Dermatol 2006,55:741-60.
Nouri K, Ballard CJ, et al. “Basal cell carcinoma.” In: Nouri K, et al. Skin Cancer. McGraw Hill Medical, China, 2008: 61-81.
Written by:
Paula Ludmann, MS
Reviewed by:
Carrie L. Kovarik, MD, FAAD
Natalie H. Matthews, MD, FAAD
Darrell S. Rigel, MD, FAAD
Last updated: 4/28/23
Reproduction or republication strictly prohibited
without prior written permission.
Raki skóry - objawy
Rozpoznanie raka kolczystokomórkowego można ustalić na podstawie obecności rozwijającego się powoli pojedynczego guza lub owrzodzenia o nacieczonej podstawie i wyniosłych brzegach. Może też być wykwitem przypominającym bliznę. Owrzodzenie i krwawienie zmiany to objawy późne, które występują w zmianach nowotworowych o znacznym zaawansowaniu. Objawem świadczącym o zaawansowaniu choroby mogą być również stwierdzone przerzuty w węzłach chłonnych regionalnych (w okolicy pachowej – przy zmianach na kończynach górnych, w okolicy pachwinowej – przy zmianach na kończynach dolnych, w węzłach chłonnych szyjnych – przy zmianach w obrębie głowy i szyi).
W przypadku wystąpienia powyższych objawów należy się zgłosić do lekarza rodzinnego, dermatologa w miejscu zamieszkania lub do Regionalnego Centrum Onkologicznego w mieście wojewódzkim.