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Neomycyna - Skuteczny Lek na Pryszcze?
Side effects [ edit ]
In 2005–06, Neomycin was the fifth-most-prevalent allergen in patch test results (10.0%). [10] It is also a known GABA gamma-Aminobutyric acid antagonist and can be responsible for seizures and psychosis. [11] Like other aminoglycosides, neomycin has been shown to be ototoxic, causing tinnitus, hearing loss, and vestibular problems in a small number of patients. Neomycin affects the cochlea, which is found in the inner ear. [12] Hearing loss is caused by ear hair cell death, which occurs in response to treatment with neomycin. [13] Patients with existing tinnitus or sensorineural hearing loss are advised to speak with a healthcare practitioner about the risks and side effects prior to taking this medication. [ citation needed ]
Activity [ edit ]
Neomycin's antibacterial activity stems from its binding to the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome, where it inhibits prokaryotic translation of mRNA. [14]
Neomycin also exhibits a high binding affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid component of cell membranes. [15]
Resistance [ edit ]
Neomycin resistance is conferred by either one of two kanamycin kinase genes. [16] Genes conferring neomycin-resistance are commonly included in DNA plasmids used to establish stable mammalian cell lines expressing cloned proteins in culture. Many commercially available protein expression plasmids contain a neo-resistance gene as a selectable marker. Currently, research is being performed to understand if derivatives of neomycin have the same antibiotic effects while still being effective against neomycin-resistant bacteria. [17]
Adverse Effects
According to the package insert, the most prevalent adverse drug reaction associated with neomycin is irritation or discomfort in the oral and rectal regions. The adverse effects of this drug include nausea, diarrhea, and the risk of Clostridioides difficile–associated diarrhea. More severe adverse events of neomycin include nephrotoxicity, auditory ototoxicity, and vestibular ototoxicity, with the latter two often leading to irreversible effects.[15]
Drug-Drug Interactions
Cisplatin: Concurrent use of cisplatin with aminoglycosides should be avoided due to the risk of nephrotoxicity.[19]
Warfarin: Neomycin can elevate the prothrombin time in patients taking warfarin.[20]
Vancomycin: Simultaneous administration of aminoglycosides with vancomycin escalates the likelihood of nephrotoxicity.[21]
Colistin and polymyxin B: These medications are nephrotoxic drugs with an exceedingly narrow therapeutic index. Therefore, their combination with aminoglycosides, such as neomycin, should be cautiously approached.[22]
Digoxin and methotrexate: Neomycin inhibits the GI absorption of both methotrexate and digoxin. Thus, their concurrent use with neomycin should be approached cautiously.[23]
Jak używać aloesu na trądzik
Co robić: Wytnij liść aloesu i wyjmij łyżką przezroczystą, mięsistą część. Nałóż żel Aloe Vera na twarz, koncentrując się na dotkniętym obszarze. Zostaw to na noc. Spłucz rano i powtarzaj codziennie, aż zmiany się zagoją.
Jak wynika z badań in vitro, miód działa hamująco na Propionibacterium acnes i Staphylococcus aureus , bakterie wywołujące trądzik (5). Cynamon ma właściwości przeciwzapalne. Badanie z udziałem 20 pacjentów z łagodnym do umiarkowanego trądzikiem wykazało, że żel cynamonowy pomógł zmniejszyć trądzik (6).
Co robić: Wymieszaj dwie łyżki czystego żelu Aloe Vera z czterema łyżkami miodu i pół łyżeczki cynamonu w proszku lub oleju. Nałóż mieszaninę na dotknięty obszar i zmyj po 10 minutach. Powtarzaj to co drugi dzień.
Uwaga: Proszek cynamonowy może żądlić, więc ilość można dostosować do poziomu tolerancji skóry.
Neomycin
(2RS,3S,4S,5R)-5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-((1R,2R,5R,6R)-3,5-diamino-2-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-6-hydroxycyclohexyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol
- 1404-04-2 Y
- DB00994 Y
- 8075 Y
- D08260 Y
- CHEBI:7508 Y
- ChEMBL449118 N
InChI=1S/C23H46N6O13/c24-2-7-13(32)15(34)10(28)21(37-7)40-18-6(27)1-5(26)12(31)20(18)42-23-17(36)19(9(4-30)39-23)41-22-11(29)16(35)14(33)8(3-25)38-22/h5-23,30-36H,1-4,24-29H2/t5-,6+,7+,8?,9+,10+,11-,12+,13+,14-,15+,16-,17+,18-,19+,20-,21+,22-,23-/m0/s1 N
Key:PGBHMTALBVVCIT-DPNHOFNISA-N N
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen. It is generally not effective against Gram-positive bacilli and anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Neomycin comes in oral and topical formulations, including creams, ointments, and eyedrops. Neomycin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more amino sugars connected by glycosidic bonds. Neomycin was discovered in 1949 by microbiologist Selman Waksman and his student Hubert Lechevalier at Rutgers University. Neomycin received approval for medical use in 1952. [1] Rutgers University was granted the patent for neomycin in 1957. [2]
