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Progesteron a pryszcze - Prawda czy mit?
Function
Progesterone plays a few different roles, starting with causing breasts to grow at puberty. Its main jobs are preparing the body for pregnancy and supporting a pregnancy if it occurs.
Progesterone is the dominant hormone in the luteal phase, which is the second half of a menstrual cycle. The luteal phase begins after ovulation and continues until the first day of your period.
Breast Development
Beginning at puberty, progesterone stimulates the growth of breast tissue.
During each luteal phase, the breast tissue is stimulated. The increase in progesterone in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is thought to be the cause of the breast swelling, pain, and tenderness that often occurs in this phase of the cycle.
Mastalgia (breast pain) due to the swelling is a common symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
If you become pregnant, progesterone prepares your breasts for milk production and lactation.
Menstrual Cycle
After ovulation, the corpus luteum ramps up its progesterone production. This continues the work of estrogen in preparing the lining of the uterus so that it can accept a fertilized egg and so the egg can be implanted for pregnancy.
If you do not become pregnant, then your corpus luteum dissolves and your progesterone levels drop, causing the uterine lining to start to break down.
This results in a period and a new menstrual cycle begins.
Pregnancy
If you become pregnant, the corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone until about 10 weeks of pregnancy. At around 10 weeks, the placenta takes over the production of progesterone for the remainder of the pregnancy.
Research suggests that progesterone may have anti-inflammatory activity and influence over the immune system. These functions of progesterone may help protect an early developing pregnancy from miscarriage and prevent later pregnancy loss and preterm labor (i.e., that which occurs before the 37th week of pregnancy).
Progesterone and progestin: How do they work?
Progesterone is the main pro-gestational steroid hormone secreted by the female reproductive system. It is linked to the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and development of an embryo. Progestin is an artificial form of progesterone that is used for medical purposes.
The ovaries, placenta, and adrenal glands produce progesterone to regulate the condition of the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus.
Progesterone is a steroid and a hormone. It has some important roles, particularly in the process of reproduction.
The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine, or hormone-producing, gland that forms from the empty ovarian follicle after ovulation.
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum breaks down, less progesterone is produced, and the levels of progesterone are too low to promote the growth of the uterine wall. As the lining of the womb is no longer maintained by progesterone from the corpus luteum, the lining breaks away, resulting in menstrual bleeding.
If conception occurs, progesterone stimulates the further development of blood vessels in the endometrium, and it stimulates glands in the endometrium to secrete nutrients that nourish the fertilized egg.
Progesterone prepares the tissue lining of the uterus to so that the fertilized egg can be implanted. Progesterone also helps to preserve the endometrium throughout pregnancy.
After conception, the placenta forms. The placenta begins to secrete progesterone to supplement, and surpass, the progesterone already secreted by the corpus luteum.
Levels of progesterone from the placenta remain high during pregnancy. This prevents other eggs from maturing, and it promotes changes in breast tissue to prepare for lactation.
Progesterone levels drop consistently just before the menopause. This is thought to be the major cause of symptoms experienced around the menopause.
Where It's Made
In males and females, a small amount of progesterone is made in the adrenal glands, which release hormones for a variety of bodily functions.
- In females, progesterone is primarily produced by the corpus luteum, a part of the ovary. The corpus luteum develops from the follicle that releases an egg from the ovary for ovulation.
- In females, progesterone is also made by the placenta, an organ that develops during pregnancy to help support the fetus.
- It's made to a lesser degree by the testes of those assigned male a birth.
Recap
Progesterone is produced primarily by the ovary after ovulation and the placenta during pregnancy. It's also made in lesser amounts by the adrenal glands and the testes.
Associated Conditions
Low progesterone levels are associated with certain issues, such as:
- Absent periods (known as amenorrhea)
- Infertility
- Miscarriage
If you have problems getting pregnant, your healthcare provider can check your progesterone levels with a blood test. Recent studies suggest that progesterone supplements may help prevent miscarriages.
Mood and Energy Levels
Estrogen and progesterone interact with chemicals in your brain to control your mood and your general sense of well-being.
One way progesterone does this is via its metabolite, a compound known as allopregnanolone.
This can be beneficial and it may make you feel sleepy or a little low energy right before your period. It also contributes to fatigue that's common during the early part of pregnancy.
For some people, the luteal phase rise in progesterone can cause varying degrees of anxiety and agitation. It is thought that this reaction is caused by a disruption in the processing of allopregnanolone.
