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Progesteron a pryszcze - Prawda czy mit?
Príznaky jeho nízkej hladiny a hormonálnej nerovnováhy
Stav ženského organizmu z pohľadu pohlavnej sústavy a sexuálneho života je do veľkej miery závislý od dvoch dôležitých hormónov: estrogénu a progesterónu. Ich nedostatok či výrazná rovnováha sa prejavia na fyziologickom aj psychogénnom zdraví.
Asi najviac viditeľným prejavom problémov s hladinou progesterónu je zmena menštruácie. Tá je sprevádzaná bolesťami, je nepravidelná a jej dĺžka je každý mesiac odlišná a v niektoré mesiace môže dokonca prísť k jej úplnému vynechaniu. Zmeny budú viditeľné aj v prípade krvácania a jeho intenzity, niekedy môže byť slabšie, väčšinou je silnejšie.
Hladina hormónu ovplyvňuje aj tzv. PMS syndróm:
- predmenštruačný syndróm je súhrn viacerých typických prejavov
- tie sa objavujú niekoľko dní pred menštruačným krvácaním
- typickými sú bolestivosť, citlivosť a niekedy aj opuch prsníkov
- únava a vyčerpanosť stúpajú, pridať sa môžu aj bolesti hlavy
- bežné sú tráviace problémy, nechuť do jedla či naopak prejedanie
- dochádza aj k podráždenosti, zníženiu libida a striedaniu nálad
Dlhodobo alebo príliš intenzívne znížená hladina progesterónu sa prejaví tiež celkovo zníženou toleranciou bolesti, nespavosťou alebo nekvalitným spánkom, striedaním nálad vrátane záchvatov paniky, napätím, kŕčmi alebo zväčšením podbruška.
Typickými prejavmi sú aj opuchy, ktoré sa najviac objavujú na tvári a v oblasti očí, prípadne na dolných končatinách, najmä v oblasti členkov a chodidiel. Málo progesterónu znižuje plodnosť, môže zvyšovať únavu a vyčerpanie, zhoršuje mentálnu vitalitu, zhoršuje stav pohybového aparátu a pokiaľ ide o stav od mladosti, má vplyv aj na poprsie.
Summary
High progesterone is often not something to worry about because your levels rise naturally before your period and during pregnancy. However, sometimes it could be a sign of an underlying condition. If you have high progesterone symptoms and are not pregnant, talk to your healthcare provider. They can help you figure out what may be causing it and whether you need treatment.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
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By Michelle Pugle
Pulge is a freelance health writer focused on mental health content. She is certified in mental health first aid.
Causes of High Progesterone
High progesterone is a sign that something is elevating your levels.
Hormone Replacement
Your healthcare provider may recommend a combination of estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy if you are experiencing the symptoms of perimenopause, such as hot flashes and night sweats. Hormone replacement therapy increases your progesterone levels.
Hormone Contraceptives
Some types of hormonal birth control can cause an increase in progesterone over time. Studies have found that the second-generation progestins levonorgestrel and norgestrel are more likely to have this effect.
First-generation progestins such as norethindrone and third-generation progestins such as norgestodene are less likely to increase progesterone levels.
Pregnancy
During pregnancy, your body will produce around 10 times as much progesterone as it does when you are not pregnant.
Ovarian Cysts
High progesterone may also be a sign that you have an ovarian cyst. Some ovarian cysts can produce progesterone and estrogen, which can lead to an increase in these hormones.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
CAH throws off the balance of hormone production (under- or overproduction) and can cause greater male trait expression.
Girls with severe CAH can be born with ambiguous genitalia. For example, the clitoris may be larger than usual and looks like a small penis while the labia fuses look like a scrotum.
People with milder forms of the condition may have early signs of puberty or fertility problems.
How Common Is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?
Molar Pregnancy
Another condition associated with high progesterone is a molar pregnancy. This happens when the embryo doesn't form correctly and the placenta grows into a noncancerous tumor.
Low Progesterone
By your 30s, you’re more likely to worry about having low progesterone than having high progesterone. That’s because your levels naturally decline over time, which can cause high estrogen levels.
How we reviewed this article:
Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We avoid using tertiary references. We link primary sources — including studies, scientific references, and statistics — within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
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Kontroverze oko hormonske terapije
Početkom 2000-ih, ljudi su počeli da brinu o rizicima hormonske terapije. U to vreme, studija „Inicijative za zdravlje žena“ (WHI) pokazala je da postoji veza između kombinovane terapije estrogenom i progestinom i povećanog rizika od raka dojke i kardiovaskularnih bolesti.
Studija je takođe pokazala da je hormonska terapija više štetna za žene u postmenopauzi nego što je bila korisna, navodeći da je estrogen sam po sebi povezan sa povećanim rizikom od moždanog udara, kao i da nije od pomoći za bolest koronarne arterije.
WHI je objavio rezultate studije u „JAMA-i“, najavljujući da su, uprkos praćenju učesnika u proseku pet godina, istraživači studije prekinuli davanje estrogena plus progestina u studiji pre prvobitnog datuma prekida. Razlog za iznenadni kraj je to što se smatralo neetičkim nastaviti studiju, jer je otkriveno da je povećan rizik od raka dojke kod žena koje su uzimale lekove.
Zatim dve godine nakon ove objave, „WHI“ je takođe ranije prekinuo studiju samo o estrogenu, navodeći da je otkriven povećan rizik od pojave krvnih ugrušaka kod žena koje su uzimale lek. Međutim, ove žene se nisu suočile sa značajnim povećanjem rizika od raka dojke.
Uz to, aktuelnije analize ne pokazuju da su ovi rizici očigledni kod hormonske terapije. Uzmite u obzir naknadnu studiju objavljenu u septembru 2017. u „JAMA-i“, koja je objavila da ni estrogen plus progestin koji se uzimaju u proseku od 5,6 godina niti sam estrogen uzet u proseku od 7,2 godine nisu povezani sa povećanim rizikom od: smrti iz bilo kog uzroka, kardiovaskularnih problema ili raka tokom kumulativnog praćenja od 18 godina.
Iako postoje različita mišljenja o hormonskoj terapiji, vaš lekar vam može pomoći da utvrdi da li je to odgovarajući tretman za vas. Uvek je najbolje rešenje da se obratite stručnjaku u koga imate poverenje.
