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"Mincer Pharma Antyalergiczny Kojący Krem CC do Twarzy Nr 1107 - Recenzja Produktu"
Mincer Pharma
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Introduction
Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that destroys thyroid cells by cell and antibody-mediated immune processes. It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries. In contrast, worldwide, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is an inadequate dietary intake of iodine. This disease is also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. The pathology of the disease involves the formation of antithyroid antibodies that attack the thyroid tissue, causing progressive fibrosis. The diagnosis is often challenging and may take time until later in the disease process. The most common laboratory findings demonstrate elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and low levels of free thyroxine (fT4), coupled with increased antithyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies. However, earlier on in the course of the disease, patients may exhibit signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of hyperthyroidism or normal values. This is because the destruction of the thyroid gland cells may be intermittent.
Women are more often affected. The female-to-male ratio is at least 10:1. Although some sources cite diagnosis happening more so in the fifth decade of life, most women are diagnosed between the ages of 30 to 50 years. Conventional treatment is comprised of levothyroxine at the recommended dose of 1.6 to 1.8 mcg/kg/day. The T4 converts to T3, which is the active form of thyroid hormone in the human body. Excessive supplementation can lead to deleterious and morbid effects, such as arrhythmias (the most common being atrial fibrillation) and osteoporosis. In this chapter, we review the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of Hashimoto thyroiditis.[1][2]
Epidemiology
After age six, Hashimoto is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States and in those areas of the world where iodine intake is adequate. The incidence is estimated to be 0.8 per 1000 per year in men and 3.5 per 1000 per year in women. Twin studies have shown an increased concordance of autoimmune thyroiditis in monozygotic twins as compared with dizygotic twins. Danish studies have demonstrated concordance rates of 55% in monozygotic twins, compared with only 3% in dizygotic twins.[7] This data suggests that 79% of predisposition is due to genetic factors, allotting 21% for environmental and sex hormone influences. The prevalence of thyroid disease, in general, increases with age.
The development of Hashimoto disease is thought to be of autoimmune origin, with lymphocyte infiltration and fibrosis as typical features. The current diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms correlating with laboratory results of elevated TSH with normal to low thyroxine levels. It is interesting to note, however, that there is little evidence demonstrating the role of antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Anti-TPO antibodies can fix complement and, in vitro, have been shown to bind and kill thyrocytes. However, to date, there has been no correlation noted in human studies between the severity of disease and the level of anti-TPO antibody concentration in serum. We do, however, know that positive serum anti-TPO antibody concentration is correlated with the active phase of the disease.[8] Other theories implicated immune complexes, containing thyroid directed antibodies, as culprits of thyroid destruction.
Opis produktu
- Aqua,
- Aroma,
- Ascorbic Acid,
- Ascorbyl Palmitate,
- Butylene Glycol,
- C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate,
- CI 77891,
- Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride,
- Caprylyl Glycol,
- Cetearyl Alcohol,
- Disodium EDTA,
- Glycerin,
- Isopropyl Myristate,
- Mica,
- PEG-8,
- Panthenol,
- Parfum,
- Saccharide Isomerate,
- Sodium Hyaluronate,
- Talc,
- Titanium Dioxide,
- Tocopherol
Aqua/Water, Cetearyl Alcohol, Ceteareth-20, Titanium Dioxide, Glycerin, Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Isopropyl Myristate, Talc, Cetearyl Alcohol, Triethyl Citrate, Caprylyl Glycol, Benzoic Acid, Shea Butter (Butyrospermum Parkii), Saccharide Isomerate, Wheat (Triticum Vulgare) Germ Extract, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Extract, Sodium Hyaluronate, Bacopa Moniera Extract, Butylene Glycol, Disodium EDTA, Panthenol, Mica, PEG-8, Tocopherol, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid, Parfum, [+/-]CI.77492, 77491, 77499.
